11 Semester 2. Lesson n°1

11.1 Syllabus

  • Syllables, stress, and vowel reduction
  • Stress and vowel reduction in disyllabic nouns, verbs, and adjectives
  • Stress-neutral endings
  • Stress-imposing endings
  • Rhythm and weak/strong forms

11.2 Admin

  • Mid-terms: February 21

  • Finals: April 11

Final mark = 0.35*(midterms) + 0.65*(finals)

All info:

adrienmeli.github.io/phonol1

11.3 Reminders

11.3.1 Transcription rules

  • Transcriptions should never feature “c o q x y”, or capital letters.

  • No ornaments.

11.3.2 Fundamental chart

11.3.2.1 Spelling

V C-r C/# V C-r V V <r> C/# V <r> V
<a> hat hate car care
<e> pet Pete her here
<i> sit site fir fire
<o> not note or ore
<u> cut cute purr pure
<u2> put

Vowels not present in this chart:

  • /ɔɪ/
  • /aʊ/
  • /ə/

11.3.2.2 RP transcription

V C-r C/# V C-r V V <r> C/# V <r> V
<a> /hæt/ /heɪt/ /kɑː/ /keə/
<e> /pet/ /piːt/ /hɜː/ /hɪə/
<i> /sɪt/ /saɪt/ /fɜː/ /’faɪ.ə/
<o> /nɒt/ /nəʊt/ /ɔː/ /ɔː/
<u> /kʌt/ /kjuːt/ /pɜː/ /pjʊə/
<u2> /pʊt/

Vowels not present in this chart:

  • /ɔɪ/
  • /aʊ/
  • /ə/

11.3.2.3 GenAm transcription

V C-r C/# V C-r V V <r> C/# V <r> V
<a> /hæt/ /heɪt/ /kɑːr/ /ker/
<e> /pet/ /piːt/ /hər/ /hɪr/
<i> /sɪt/ /saɪt/ /fɜ˞ː/ /’faɪ.ər/
<o> /nɑːt/ /noʊt/ /ɔːr/ /ɔːr/
<u> /kʌt/ /kjuːt/ /pɜ˞ː/ /pjʊr/
<u2> /pʊt/

Vowels not present in this chart:

  • /ɔɪ/
  • /aʊ/
  • /ə/

11.3.3 Exercises

IPA Word
/mɪə/ mere
/ʃeɪks/ shakes
/pʊʃ/ push
/ʃeə/ share
/tʃɔː/ chore
/θraɪv/ thrive
/strɒŋ/ strong
/ruːn/ rune
/fɜːn/ fern
/’taɪ.ə/ tire
Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
shard /1/ /ʃɑːd/ /ʃɑːrd/
gem /1/ /dʒem/ /dʒem/
shirt /1/ /ʃɜːt/ /ʃɜ˞ːt/
chat /1/ /tʃæt/ /tʃæt/
curt /1/ /kɜːt/ /kɜ˞ːt/
jug /1/ /dʒʌg/ /dʒʌg/
this /1/ /ðɪs/ /ðɪs/
scheme /1/ /skiːm/ /skiːm/
sworn /1/ /swɔːn/ /swɔːrn/
gnome /1/ /nəʊm/ /noʊmz/