13 Lesson °3
13.0.0.1 Digraphe en <-ow->
13.0.0.1.1 Sous-groupe n°1
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| brown | /1/ | /braʊn/ | /braʊn/ | |
| cow | /1/ | /kaʊ/ | /kaʊ/ | |
| now | /1/ | /naʊ/ | /naʊ/ | |
| clown | /1/ | /klaʊn/ | /klaʊn/ | |
| crowd | /1/ | /kraʊd/ | /kraʊd/ |
13.0.0.1.2 Sous-groupe n°2
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| snow | /1/ | /snəʊ/ | /snoʊ/ | |
| show | /1/ | /ʃəʊ/ | /ʃoʊ/ | |
| flow | /1/ | /fləʊ/ | /floʊ/ | |
| slow | /1/ | /sləʊ/ | /sloʊ/ | |
| glow | /1/ | /gləʊ/ | /gloʊ/ | |
| blow | /1/ | /bləʊ/ | /bloʊ/ | |
| know | /1/ | /nəʊ/ | /noʊ/ | |
| owe | /1/ | /əʊ/ | /oʊ/ | |
| throw | /1/ | /θrəʊ/ | /θroʊ/ | |
| grow | /1/ | /grəʊ/ | /groʊ/ |
13.0.0.2 Digraphe en <-oo->
13.0.0.2.2 Sous-groupe n°2
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| foot | /1/ | /fʊt/ | /fʊt/ | |
| soot | /1/ | /sʊt/ | /sʊt/ | |
| wool | /1/ | /wʊl/ | /wʊl/ | |
| good | /1/ | /gʊd/ | /gʊd/ | |
| hood | /1/ | /hʊd/ | /hʊd/ | |
| stood | /1/ | /stʊd/ | /stʊd/ | |
| wood | /1/ | /wʊd/ | /wʊd/ | |
| book | /1/ | /bʊk/ | /bʊk/ | |
| cook | /1/ | /kʊk/ | /kʊk/ | |
| hook | /1/ | /hʊk/ | /hʊk/ | |
| look | /1/ | /lʊk/ | /lʊk/ | |
| shook | /1/ | /ʃʊk/ | /ʃʊk/ | |
| took | /1/ | /tʊk/ | /tʊk/ |
13.1 Practice on monosyllabic words
| IPA | Word |
|---|---|
| /faɪt/ | fight |
| /beə/ | bear |
| /fæŋ/ | fang |
| /breɪv/ | brave |
| /pjuːk/ | puke |
| /slɪk/ | slick |
| /fluːt/ | flute |
| /kɜːb/ | kerb |
| /weɪst/ | waste |
| /hiːv/ | heave |
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| whirl | /1/ | /wɜːl/ | /wɜ˞ːl/ | |
| prop | /1/ | /prɒp/ | /prɑːp/ | |
| cheat | /1/ | /tʃiːt/ | /tʃiːt/ | |
| shirk | /1/ | /ʃɜːk/ | /ʃɜ˞ːk/ | |
| sheath | /1/ | /ʃiːθ/ | /ʃiːθ/ | |
| close | /1/ | /kləʊs/ | /kloʊs/ | |
| mash | /1/ | /mæʃ/ | /mæʃ/ | |
| drown | /1/ | /draʊn/ | /draʊn/ | |
| sure | /1/ | /ʃɔː/ | /ʃʊr/ | |
| skulk | /1/ | /skʌlk/ | /skʌlk/ |
| IPA | Word |
|---|---|
| /glʌv/ | glove |
| /kwɪl/ | quill |
| /spjuː/ | spew |
| /ræk/ | wrack |
| /hɪə/ | here |
| /mʌst/ | must |
| /baʊ/ | bow |
| /gluːm/ | gloom |
| /grəʊn/ | groan |
| /həʊks/ | hoax |
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| coach | /1/ | /kəʊtʃ/ | /koʊtʃ/ | |
| chook | /1/ | /tʃʊk/ | chook | |
| plod | /1/ | /plɒd/ | /plɑːd/ | |
| notch | /1/ | /nɒtʃ/ | /nɑːtʃ/ | |
| tide | /1/ | /taɪd/ | /taɪd/ | |
| goat | /1/ | /gəʊt/ | /goʊt/ | |
| frieze | /1/ | /friːz/ | /friːz/ | |
| lute | /1/ | /luːt/ | /luːt/ | |
| hawk | /1/ | /hɔːk/ | /hɔːk/ | |
| vote | /1/ | /vəʊt/ | /voʊt/ |
13.2 Polysyllabic words
13.2.1 Fundamental rules and definitions
All English words have a primary stress.
A “stress”, or “accent”, is a prominent syllable.
No words can begin with two unstressed syllables.
The vowels of unstressed syllables are often reduced to /ə/, /i/ or /u/.
/ə/, /i/ or /u/ can NEVER be the vowels of stressed syllables.
13.2.2 Conventions
- The stress pattern of a word can be represented as a series of numbers: one number per syllable, /1/ for the syllable carrying the primary stress, /0/ if the syllable is unstressed (and /2/ for secondary stress, but not this semester!)
- “finish” \(\rightarrow\) /10/
- “result” \(\rightarrow\) /01/
- The primary stress of a word is marked as /“/ before the syllable.
- “finish” \(\rightarrow\) /’fɪn.ɪʃ/
- “result” \(\rightarrow\) /ri.’zʌlt/
13.3 Exercises
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mountain | /10/ | /’maʊnt.ɪn/ | /’maʊnt.ɪn/ | |
| table | /10/ | /’teɪb.əl/ | /’teɪb.əl/ | |
| window | /10/ | /’wɪnd.əʊ/ | /’wɪnd.əʊ/ | |
| office | /10/ | /’ɒf.ɪs/ | /’ɔːf.ɪs/ | |
| building | /10/ | /’bɪld.ɪŋ/ | /’bɪld.ɪŋ/ | |
| computer | /010/ | /kəm.’pjuːt.ə/ | /kəm.’pjuːt.ər/ | |
| jacket | /10/ | /’dʒæk.ɪt/ | /’dʒæk.ɪt/ | |
| handle | /10/ | /’hænd.əl/ | /’hænd.əl/ | |
| glasses | // | /NA/ | glasses |
|
| ceiling | /10/ | /’siːl.ɪŋ/ | /’siːl.ɪŋ/ | |
| attain | /01/ | /ə.’teɪn/ | /ə.’teɪn/ | |
| data | /10/ | /’deɪt.ə/ | /’deɪt.ə/ | |
| doctor | /10/ | /’dɒkt.ə/ | /’dɑːkt.ər/ | |
| even | /10/ | /’iːv.ən/ | /’iːv.ən/ | |
| husband | /10/ | /’hʌz.bənd/ | /’hʌz.bənd/ | |
| cupboard | /10/ | /’kʌb.əd/ | /’kʌb.əd/ | |
| movie | /10/ | /’muːv.i/ | /’muːv.i/ | |
| another | /010/ | /ə.’nʌð.ə/ | /ə.’nʌð.ər/ | |
| jumper | /10/ | /’dʒʌmp.ə/ | /’dʒʌmp.ər/ |
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cooking | /10/ | /’kʊk.ɪŋ/ | /’kʊk.ɪŋ/ | |
| deliver | /010/ | /di.’lɪv.ə/ | /di.’lɪv.ər/ | |
| century | /100/ | /’sentʃ.ər.i/ | /’sentʃ.ər.i/ | |
| garden | /10/ | /’gɑːd.ən/ | /’gɑːd.ən/ | |
| offer | /10/ | /’ɒf.ə/ | /’ɔːf.ər/ | |
| potato | /010/ | /pə.’teɪt.əʊ/ | /pə.’teɪt.ˌoʊ/ | |
| mistake | /01/ | /mi.’steɪk/ | /ˌmɪ.’steɪk/ | |
| bottle | /10/ | /’bɒt.əl/ | /’bɑːt.əl/ | |
| drawer | /1/ | /drɔː/ | /drɔːr/ | |
| repeat | /01/ | /ri.’piːt/ | /ri.’piːt/ |