13 Lesson °3

13.0.0.1 Digraphe en <-ow->

13.0.0.1.1 Sous-groupe n°1
Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
brown /1/ /braʊn/ /braʊn/
cow /1/ /kaʊ/ /kaʊ/
now /1/ /naʊ/ /naʊ/
clown /1/ /klaʊn/ /klaʊn/
crowd /1/ /kraʊd/ /kraʊd/
13.0.0.1.2 Sous-groupe n°2
Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
snow /1/ /snəʊ/ /snoʊ/
show /1/ /ʃəʊ/ /ʃoʊ/
flow /1/ /fləʊ/ /floʊ/
slow /1/ /sləʊ/ /sloʊ/
glow /1/ /gləʊ/ /gloʊ/
blow /1/ /bləʊ/ /bloʊ/
know /1/ /nəʊ/ /noʊ/
owe /1/ /əʊ/ /oʊ/
throw /1/ /θrəʊ/ /θroʊ/
grow /1/ /grəʊ/ /groʊ/

13.0.0.2 Digraphe en <-oo->

13.0.0.2.1 Sous-groupe n°1
IPA Word
/ʃuːt/ shoot
/kɑː.’tuːn/ cartoon
/puːl/ pool
13.0.0.2.2 Sous-groupe n°2
Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
foot /1/ /fʊt/ /fʊt/
soot /1/ /sʊt/ /sʊt/
wool /1/ /wʊl/ /wʊl/
good /1/ /gʊd/ /gʊd/
hood /1/ /hʊd/ /hʊd/
stood /1/ /stʊd/ /stʊd/
wood /1/ /wʊd/ /wʊd/
book /1/ /bʊk/ /bʊk/
cook /1/ /kʊk/ /kʊk/
hook /1/ /hʊk/ /hʊk/
look /1/ /lʊk/ /lʊk/
shook /1/ /ʃʊk/ /ʃʊk/
took /1/ /tʊk/ /tʊk/
13.0.0.2.3 Sous-groupe n°3
IPA Word
/blʌd/ blood
/flʌd/ flood

13.1 Practice on monosyllabic words

IPA Word
/faɪt/ fight
/beə/ bear
/fæŋ/ fang
/breɪv/ brave
/pjuːk/ puke
/slɪk/ slick
/fluːt/ flute
/kɜːb/ kerb
/weɪst/ waste
/hiːv/ heave
Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
whirl /1/ /wɜːl/ /wɜ˞ːl/
prop /1/ /prɒp/ /prɑːp/
cheat /1/ /tʃiːt/ /tʃiːt/
shirk /1/ /ʃɜːk/ /ʃɜ˞ːk/
sheath /1/ /ʃiːθ/ /ʃiːθ/
close /1/ /kləʊs/ /kloʊs/
mash /1/ /mæʃ/ /mæʃ/
drown /1/ /draʊn/ /draʊn/
sure /1/ /ʃɔː/ /ʃʊr/
skulk /1/ /skʌlk/ /skʌlk/
IPA Word
/glʌv/ glove
/kwɪl/ quill
/spjuː/ spew
/ræk/ wrack
/hɪə/ here
/mʌst/ must
/baʊ/ bow
/gluːm/ gloom
/grəʊn/ groan
/həʊks/ hoax
Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
coach /1/ /kəʊtʃ/ /koʊtʃ/
chook /1/ /tʃʊk/ chook
plod /1/ /plɒd/ /plɑːd/
notch /1/ /nɒtʃ/ /nɑːtʃ/
tide /1/ /taɪd/ /taɪd/
goat /1/ /gəʊt/ /goʊt/
frieze /1/ /friːz/ /friːz/
lute /1/ /luːt/ /luːt/
hawk /1/ /hɔːk/ /hɔːk/
vote /1/ /vəʊt/ /voʊt/

13.2 Polysyllabic words

13.2.1 Fundamental rules and definitions

  • All English words have a primary stress.

  • A “stress”, or “accent”, is a prominent syllable.

  • No words can begin with two unstressed syllables.

  • The vowels of unstressed syllables are often reduced to /ə/, /i/ or /u/.

  • /ə/, /i/ or /u/ can NEVER be the vowels of stressed syllables.

13.2.2 Conventions

  • The stress pattern of a word can be represented as a series of numbers: one number per syllable, /1/ for the syllable carrying the primary stress, /0/ if the syllable is unstressed (and /2/ for secondary stress, but not this semester!)
    • “finish” \(\rightarrow\) /10/
    • “result” \(\rightarrow\) /01/
  • The primary stress of a word is marked as /“/ before the syllable.
    • “finish” \(\rightarrow\) /’fɪn.ɪʃ/
    • “result” \(\rightarrow\) /ri.’zʌlt/

13.3 Exercises

Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
mountain /10/ /’maʊnt.ɪn/ /’maʊnt.ɪn/
table /10/ /’teɪb.əl/ /’teɪb.əl/
window /10/ /’wɪnd.əʊ/ /’wɪnd.əʊ/
office /10/ /’ɒf.ɪs/ /’ɔːf.ɪs/
building /10/ /’bɪld.ɪŋ/ /’bɪld.ɪŋ/
computer /010/ /kəm.’pjuːt.ə/ /kəm.’pjuːt.ər/
jacket /10/ /’dʒæk.ɪt/ /’dʒæk.ɪt/
handle /10/ /’hænd.əl/ /’hænd.əl/
glasses // /NA/ glasses
ceiling /10/ /’siːl.ɪŋ/ /’siːl.ɪŋ/
attain /01/ /ə.’teɪn/ /ə.’teɪn/
data /10/ /’deɪt.ə/ /’deɪt.ə/
doctor /10/ /’dɒkt.ə/ /’dɑːkt.ər/
even /10/ /’iːv.ən/ /’iːv.ən/
husband /10/ /’hʌz.bənd/ /’hʌz.bənd/
cupboard /10/ /’kʌb.əd/ /’kʌb.əd/
movie /10/ /’muːv.i/ /’muːv.i/
another /010/ /ə.’nʌð.ə/ /ə.’nʌð.ər/
jumper /10/ /’dʒʌmp.ə/ /’dʒʌmp.ər/
Word Stress Pattern IPA (RP) Received Pronunciation General American
cooking /10/ /’kʊk.ɪŋ/ /’kʊk.ɪŋ/
deliver /010/ /di.’lɪv.ə/ /di.’lɪv.ər/
century /100/ /’sentʃ.ər.i/ /’sentʃ.ər.i/
garden /10/ /’gɑːd.ən/ /’gɑːd.ən/
offer /10/ /’ɒf.ə/ /’ɔːf.ər/
potato /010/ /pə.’teɪt.əʊ/ /pə.’teɪt.ˌoʊ/
mistake /01/ /mi.’steɪk/ /ˌmɪ.’steɪk/
bottle /10/ /’bɒt.əl/ /’bɑːt.əl/
drawer /1/ /drɔː/ /drɔːr/
repeat /01/ /ri.’piːt/ /ri.’piːt/