14 Lesson n°4
14.1 Warming up
| IPA | Word |
|---|---|
| /flɔːnt/ | flaunt |
| /ʃɪə/ | shear |
| /biːt/ | beat |
| /trɔːl/ | trawl |
| /stəʊv/ | stove |
| /sɔːs/ | source |
| /tuːm/ | tomb |
| /θriː/ | three |
| /dred/ | dread |
| /θʌg/ | thug |
| IPA | Word |
|---|---|
| /bɪəd/ | beard |
| /briːðd/ | breathed |
| /graʊt/ | grout |
| /ɔːt/ | ought |
| /skrɔːl/ | scrawl |
| /bɔːt/ | bought |
| /hɔːnd/ | horned |
| /jiːst/ | yeast |
| /niːl/ | kneel |
| /breθ/ | breath |
14.2 Polysyllabic words
14.2.1 Fundamental rules and definitions
All English words have a primary stress.
A “stress”, or “accent”, is a prominent syllable.
No words can begin with two unstressed syllables.
The vowels of unstressed syllables are often reduced to /ə/, /i/, /u/, /ɪ/ or /ʊ/.
/ə/, /i/ or /u/ can NEVER be the vowels of stressed syllables.
14.2.2 Conventions
- The stress pattern of a word can be represented as a series of numbers: one number per syllable, /1/ for the syllable carrying the primary stress, /0/ if the syllable is unstressed (and /2/ for secondary stress, but not this semester!)
- “finish” \(\rightarrow\) /10/
- “result” \(\rightarrow\) /01/
- The primary stress of a word is marked as /“/ before the syllable.
- “finish” \(\rightarrow\) /’fɪn.ɪʃ/
- “result” \(\rightarrow\) /ri.’zʌlt/
14.3 Exercises
| Word | Stress Pattern | IPA (RP) | Received Pronunciation | General American |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mountain | /10/ | /’maʊnt.ɪn/ | /’maʊnt.ɪn/ | |
| table | /10/ | /’teɪb.əl/ | /’teɪb.əl/ | |
| window | /10/ | /’wɪnd.əʊ/ | /’wɪnd.əʊ/ | |
| office | /10/ | /’ɒf.ɪs/ | /’ɔːf.ɪs/ | |
| building | /10/ | /’bɪld.ɪŋ/ | /’bɪld.ɪŋ/ | |
| computer | /010/ | /kəm.’pjuːt.ə/ | /kəm.’pjuːt.ər/ | |
| jacket | /10/ | /’dʒæk.ɪt/ | /’dʒæk.ɪt/ | |
| handle | /10/ | /’hænd.əl/ | /’hænd.əl/ | |
| glasses | // | /NA/ | glasses |
|
| ceiling | /10/ | /’siːl.ɪŋ/ | /’siːl.ɪŋ/ | |
| attain | /01/ | /ə.’teɪn/ | /ə.’teɪn/ | |
| data | /10/ | /’deɪt.ə/ | /’deɪt.ə/ | |
| doctor | /10/ | /’dɒkt.ə/ | /’dɑːkt.ər/ | |
| even | /10/ | /’iːv.ən/ | /’iːv.ən/ | |
| husband | /10/ | /’hʌz.bənd/ | /’hʌz.bənd/ | |
| cupboard | /10/ | /’kʌb.əd/ | /’kʌb.əd/ | |
| movie | /10/ | /’muːv.i/ | /’muːv.i/ | |
| another | /010/ | /ə.’nʌð.ə/ | /ə.’nʌð.ər/ | |
| jumper | /10/ | /’dʒʌmp.ə/ | /’dʒʌmp.ər/ |